This blog is part of an assignment for the Paper 101: Literature of the Elizabethan and Restoration Periods, Sem.1, 2023.
Macbeth: Ambition and its Consequences in Shakespeare's Tragedy
Table of Contents:-
Personal Information,
Assignment Details,
Abstract,
Keywords,
Introduction,
Perspectives on Ambition in Macbeth: Insights from Five Characters:
Macbeth,
Lady Macbeth,
Malcolm,
Macduff,
Banquo,
Ambition's Wrath in Macbeth: A Mimetic and Affective Study,
Conclusion,
References.
Personal Information:-
Name:- Pallavi Parmar
Batch:- M.A. Sem 1 (2023-2025)
Enrollment Number:- 5108230034
E-mail Address:-pallaviparmar501@gmail.com
Roll Number:- 25
Assignment Details:-
Topic:-Macbeth: Ambition and its Consequences in Shakespeare's Tragedy
Subject code:-22392
Paper = Paper 101: Literature of the Elizabethan and Restoration Periods
Submitted to:- Smt. Sujata Binoy Gardi, Department of English, MKBU,
Bhavnagar.
Date of Submission:- 01 December,2023
Abstract:
This assignment explores the destructive consequences of unchecked ambition in Shakespeare's "Macbeth," primarily through characters like Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Through a mimetic reading, it serves as a cautionary tale, revealing the moral downfall resulting from uncontrolled ambition. An affective reading delves into emotional responses, evoking fear and anger as characters' descent into chaos unfolds. Focused on five main characters, the assignment provides a timeless analysis of ambition's impact in Shakespeare's universal exploration of its consequences. So we can say that, 'Macbeth' invites introspection on the repercussions of unchecked ambition, portrayed as a timeless masterpiece.
Key Words :
Macbeth, Ambition, Consequences, Characters, Shakespeare's Tragedy.
Introduction:
"Macbeth" by William Shakespeare explores the perilous journey of its protagonist, Macbeth, driven by unchecked ambition. Ignited by supernatural prophecies and Lady Macbeth's influence, Macbeth's internal conflict unfolds as he contemplates regicide. The play delves into the evolving stages of his ambition, from initial hesitation to tyranny, resulting in tragic consequences. This analysis aims to dissect the multifaceted nature of ambition in Macbeth's character, unraveling its impact on his choices and the broader implications within Shakespeare's timeless masterpiece.
Perspectives on Ambition in Macbeth: Insights from Five Characters:
Macbeth:
Macbeth, the central character in the play, undergoes a transformative journey from a noble Scottish general to a power-hungry king, ultimately leading to his tragic downfall. Initially praised by King Duncan and beloved by the people, Macbeth's ambition is fueled by a meeting with the witches, who prophesy his rise to power. Despite already being honored as Thane of Glamis, his desire for greater recognition drives him to contemplate regicide.
As Macbeth grapples with the moral implications of his ambitions, he seeks counsel from his friend Banquo. The prospect of murdering King Duncan arises, and Macbeth's inner conflict reveals a character still tethered to moral considerations. His hesitation, rooted in familial and honorable ties to the king, highlights a struggle between ambition and conscience.
However, Macbeth succumbs to his vaulting ambition, initiating a dark path toward the throne. He becomes easily influenced by the witches' prophecies, leading him to betrayal, murder, and a ruthless quest for power. The death of King Duncan sets in motion a series of atrocities, including the murder of Banquo and his own descent into cruelty.
Macbeth's trust in the witches proves to be his undoing. While their prophecies initially come true, he realizes their deceptive nature when facing the consequences. The murder of Lady Macduff and her children reflects the extent of Macbeth's cruelty, illustrating the tragic consequences of unchecked ambition.
In the end, Macbeth's bravery in battle is juxtaposed with the futility of his trust in the witches. Their promises, involving Birnam Wood and the manner of Macduff's birth, crumble, and Macbeth meets his demise. His tragic flaw, an unchecked and ruthless ambition, leads to self-destruction, emphasizing the timeless theme of the corrupting nature of power.
In the play "Macbeth," the transformation of Macbeth from a noble general to a power-hungry king is marked by his ambitious pursuit of greater recognition and the tragic consequences that ensue. The encounter with the witches serves as a catalyst for Macbeth's ambition, as they prophesy his ascent to power. This prophecy fuels his desire for more, despite already holding the esteemed title of Thane of Glamis. (Mustafa)
The following original quotes from the play exemplify Macbeth's growing ambition:
1. Quote 1:
"All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!". (Shakespeare)
Explanation:
This quote is from the witches' prophecy, foretelling Macbeth's future as king. It plants the seed of ambition in Macbeth's mind and sets the events of the play in motion.
2. Quote 2:
"If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow and which will not, Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear Your favours nor your hate."(Shakespeare)
Explanation:
Macbeth seeks guidance from the witches, expressing his deep desire to know the future. This quote reflects Macbeth's increasing preoccupation with his own destiny and ambition for greater power.
3. Quote 3:
"Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee." (Shakespeare)
Explanation:
As Macbeth contemplates the murder of King Duncan, this quote captures the internal struggle between his ambition and his conscience. The hallucination of the dagger symbolizes the moral conflict within him.
4. Quote 4:
"I am in blood stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er.". (Shakespeare)
Explanation:
Macbeth acknowledges the extent of his ruthless actions and the point of no return. This quote reflects his realization that his ambition has led him down a path from which there is no easy retreat.
5. Quote 5:
"Out, out, brief candle! Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more." (Shakespeare)
Explanation:
In the later stages of the play, Macbeth reflects on the emptiness of his ambitious pursuits. This quote captures the futility of a life consumed by unchecked ambition and the inevitable descent into darkness.
These quotes showcase Macbeth's internal conflicts, growing ruthlessness, and the tragic consequences of his unchecked ambition. They highlight Shakespeare's exploration of the corrupting nature of power and the psychological toll it takes on individuals driven by unbridled ambition.
Lady Macbeth:
Lady Macbeth, characterized by intense ambition, mirrors her husband's aspirations for power. Upon learning of the witches' prophecy regarding Macbeth's future kingship, she becomes consumed by a desire for regal status. However, her concern arises from a doubt about her husband's willingness to pursue the crown through ruthless means. Lady Macbeth's plea to the spirits of evil to "unsex" her reveals her acknowledgment of societal expectations regarding femininity and underscores her determination to overcome any inhibitions for the sake of ambition.
Lady Macbeth, though not devoid of conscience, proves to be more resolute and purposeful in her pursuit of power. Unlike Macbeth, she requires no supernatural encouragement, showcasing her self-confidence and determination. Her strong-minded nature is evident in her unwavering commitment to the plan for King Duncan's murder, where she envisions Macbeth as the future king and herself as the queen. Her words to Macbeth emphasize her confidence that their plan will succeed, securing power and mastery over the kingdom.
However, as the murder unfolds, Lady Macbeth's unease surfaces, indicating that beneath her strong exterior lies a conscience troubled by the heinous act. Her admission that she could not have committed the murder herself suggests a complexity to her character, acknowledging the limits of her own ruthlessness. Yet, she remains cunning and quick-witted in the aftermath, urging Macbeth to maintain composure and conceal their guilt.
As the consequences of their actions unfold, Lady Macbeth's mental and emotional state deteriorates. Her inability to sleep well, depicted through sleepwalking and reliving the murder, reveals the toll of guilt and conscience. Lady Macbeth's ultimate demise underscores the theme that unchecked ambition, regardless of gender, leads to self-destruction. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, driven by ambition, meet tragic ends, highlighting Shakespeare's exploration of the consequences of unbridled aspirations in the tragedy of Macbeth. (Mustafa)
Quotes:
Let's see somequotes from "Macbeth", highlighting Lady Macbeth's character and her journey driven by ambition:
1. Quote 1:
"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe topful of direst cruelty!"
(Act 1, Scene 5) (Shakespeare)
Explanation: Lady Macbeth utters this quote in Act 1, Scene 5, as she invokes dark spirits to strip her of traditional feminine qualities and infuse her with cruelty. This emphasizes her determination to overcome societal expectations and embrace a ruthless nature to achieve her ambitious goals.
2. Quote 2:
"What beast was ’t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me?" (Act 1, Scene 7)
(Shakespeare)
Explanation:
In Act 1, Scene 7, Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth's commitment to their plan to murder King Duncan. This quote underscores her impatience with any perceived weakness in Macbeth's resolve, showcasing her resolute and unwavering pursuit of power.
3. Quote 3:
"Look like th' innocent flower, But be the serpent under ’t. (Act 1, Scene 5)
(Shakespeare)
Explanation:
Lady Macbeth advises Macbeth to appear innocent while harboring deceitful intentions. This quote, from Act 1, Scene 5, reflects her cunning nature and strategic mindset in the pursuit of their ambitious goal—Macbeth's ascension to the throne.
Other quotes:
"A little water clears us of this deed."
(Act 2, Scene 2,) (Shakespeare)
"Out, damned spot! Out, I say!"
(Act 5, Scene 1) (Shakespeare)
"What’s done cannot be undone."
(Act 5, Scene 1.)(Shakespeare)
These quotes illustrate Lady Macbeth's complex character, her ambition-driven actions, and the eventual toll on her mental and emotional state. They offer insights into her unwavering commitment, moments of internal conflict, and the ultimate self-destruction resulting from the unbridled pursuit of power.
Malcolm:
Malcolm, the rightful heir to the Scottish throne in Shakespeare's "Macbeth," poses a significant challenge to Macbeth's ambitions. Proclaimed Prince of Cumberland by King Duncan, Malcolm's status incites Macbeth's discontent and prompts him to contemplate nefarious means to fulfill the witches' prophecies. Fleeing for safety after his father's murder, Malcolm unintentionally raises suspicion, leading to accusations of regicide. Despite initial reluctance, Malcolm gathers support in England, forms an army, and defeats Macbeth in battle. As the new king, he pledges just and wise rule, highlighting the consequences of ambition and the eventual restoration of rightful leadership in Scotland.
(Mustafa)
Macduff:
Macduff, driven by noble ambition, plays a pivotal role in overthrowing Macbeth and restoring justice in Scotland. His initial departure to gather forces leads to the tragic murder of his family, intensifying his determination for revenge. In a climactic battle, Macduff defies the witches' prophecies, slaying Macbeth and embodying the theme of ambition and its consequences.
Banquo, virtuous and perceptive, poses a threat to Macbeth's ambitions. Despite sensing evil in Macbeth, Banquo doesn't act immediately, contemplating the witches' prophecies. Openly expressing suspicions about Macbeth's role in Duncan's murder, Banquo is treacherously murdered on Macbeth's orders, setting the stage for future consequences. (Mustafa)
Banquo :
Banquo's ghost haunts Macbeth during a banquet, a manifestation of the witches' prophecy that Banquo's descendants will inherit the throne. Macbeth's fear stems from the realization that, despite Banquo's death, his lineage survives through Fleance, posing a lasting threat to Macbeth's ill-gotten kingship.
In summary, Banquo's virtuous character and susceptibility to trust play a pivotal role in the unfolding tragedy. His initial inaction and eventual murder by Macbeth underscore the consequences of unchecked ambition and deceit. The persistence of Banquo's lineage, as foretold by the witches, contributes to the thematic exploration of ambition and its far-reaching consequences in Shakespeare's "Macbeth." (Mustafa)
• Ambition's Wrath in Macbeth: A Mimetic and Affective Study:
I. Mimetic Reading: Unchecked Ambition and Moral Downfall:
In this mimetic reading of Shakespeare's "Macbeth," the focus lies on the exploration of ambition unchecked by moral limitations. The argument posits that the play serves as a reflection of life, demonstrating the destructive consequences that unfold when ambition is allowed to run rampant. The theme of the narrative is dissected, portraying ambition as the driving force behind the conflict, particularly the internal struggle within Macbeth—man versus self. The paper contends that the characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, serve as mirrors reflecting the harsh reality of unbridled ambition. Lady Macbeth's influence, Macbeth's initial reluctance, and the subsequent moral compromises underscore the pitfalls of disregarding moral constraints. The narrative unfolds as a cautionary tale, showcasing how uncontrolled ambition can lead to an individual's demise. (Garcia.)
II. Affective Reading: Evoking Fear and Anger Through Characters
In this section, the analysis adopts an affective reading approach, focusing on the emotional response elicited from the reader. The argument centers on the portrayal of characters, particularly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, as catalysts for reader emotions. Macbeth's internal struggles, driven by ambition and self-doubt, evoke fear as the consequences of his actions become uncontrollable. Lady Macbeth's manipulation and descent into madness contribute to a sense of anger, highlighting the toxic nature of unchecked ambition. The paper delves into the oscillating emotions experienced by readers—fear of the unpredictable future shaped by ambition and anger towards the characters' moral compromises. Through character analysis, the affective reading underscores the potency of Shakespeare's narrative in eliciting a strong emotional response from the audience. (Garcia.)
III. Relevance to "Macbeth: Ambition and its Consequences"
Both the mimetic and affective readings seamlessly align with the broader theme of "Macbeth: Ambition and its Consequences in Shakespeare's Tragedy." The mimetic reading contributes a thematic understanding, emphasizing the moral downfall resulting from uncontrolled ambition. Simultaneously, the affective reading complements this by exploring the emotional impact on readers—fear and anger—as they witness the characters' descent into chaos. Together, these readings offer a comprehensive exploration of ambition's role in shaping the narrative and its profound consequences, enriching the understanding of Shakespeare's timeless tragedy. (Garcia.)
Conclusion:
In nutshell we can say that,The exploration of "Macbeth: Ambition and its Consequences" delves into the destructive nature of unchecked ambition, vividly portrayed in characters like Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. A mimetic reading serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating how the pursuit of power leads to moral downfall. An affective reading enhances understanding by delving into emotional responses, making Macbeth's internal struggles and Lady Macbeth's descent into madness powerful conduits for readers. Focused on five main characters, the assignment provides a timeless analysis of ambition's impact, emphasizing Shakespeare's universal exploration of its consequences. In essence, "Macbeth" invites introspection on the repercussions of unchecked ambition, portrayed as a timeless masterpiece.
Reference:
Garcia., Regina Via G. “View of Lust for Power: The Humanistic Universality of Ambition in Macbeth.” View of Lust for Power: The Humanistic Universality of Ambition in Macbeth, European Modern Studies Journal, 2022, journal-ems.com/index.php/emsj/article/view/470/446.
Mustafa. “Ambitious for Power in Shakespeare’s Macbeth.” ATAVISME, Makassar Language Center,Makassar., 9 Nov. 2010, atavisme.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/atavisme/article/view/107/100.
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Wordsworth Editions, 1992.
Word Count : 2,262
Images: 2
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