Existentialism- Flipped Learning

Existentialism

This blog is part of Flipped learning-bridge course on Existentialism. 

About Flipped Learning :

Flipped learning is an educational approach where traditional classroom activities such as lecture and instruction are moved outside of the classroom, typically through video lectures or other pre-recorded materials. Students then engage with these materials at home, often at their own pace. Classroom time is then used for activities that were traditionally done as homework, such as exercises, projects, or discussions, allowing for more interactive and engaging learning experiences under the guidance of the teacher.

Existentialism:

Thoughts which I like the most:

1st Video:

The first video talks about how being yourself, following your passions, and having the freedom to choose are all really important. They're like the corners of a triangle that help us understand what it means to exist and be alive.

Video-2 

The myth of Sysyphus: 

I like these thoughts...

The video talks about how life can seem meaningless, according to Albert Camus.

"Suicide", is the only philosophical problem. Existentialism argues that life is meaningless so the quest of meaning in life is the most urgent of question. 

 It uses the movie 'Stay' to show how some people might think suicide is the best choice in this kind of confusing life.

Video-3

  The Notion of Philosophical suicide. 

I am impressed by these thoughts from video that how it's connect suicide with philosophy and discuss "Philosophical Suicide".

"Absurd not in the man and not in the world but it takes place when both comes together."

Like suicide God changes with the man. 

The video also discussed philosophical suicide, which happens when people feel hopeless, keep rejecting things, and are constantly unhappy. 

 They use this method to try to escape from the confusion and meaninglessness of life.

Video-4

In this Video I like the idea of Nietzsche ...

Nietzsche considered Dadists creators more than lawbreakers.

“Whom do they hate most? Him who breaks up their tables of values, the breaker, the lawbreaker. He, however, is the creator.”

-Nietzsche

Nietzsche's quote says that people often hate those who challenge their beliefs and rules the most. But interestingly, these challengers are the ones who create new ways of thinking and doing things. 

Video-5

I like the following thoughts from fifth video:

"Become who you are" -Nietzsche

Nietzsche's statement "Become who you are" encourages individuals to embrace their true selves and fulfill their potential.

This question is also eye catching :

Is Existentialism a gloomy philosophy?

Life can be full of anxiety, despair, and absurdity, according to Existentialism, but the philosophy emphasizes our freedom to choose our own path.

People can choose their way of life, but sometimes, when things don't go well, they try to escape, which isn't fair.

Existentialism is different from Nihilism. After World War II, people's lives were tough, and everyone was searching for the meaning of life.

Video-6

I like following ideas From fifth video...

From this video we can find that Existentialism and Nihilism have significant differences. 

Nihilism is the loss of individuality. So, Existentialism and Nihilism is NOT one or NOT the same. 

Existentialism emphasizes subjectivity, focusing on individuality, the concept of nothingness, and the absurdity of life.

 On the other hand, Nihilism leans towards objectivity, asserting that everything in life is an illusion.

"All suicides have the responsibility of fighting against the temptation of suicide."

-Hermann Hesse (Der Steppenwolf) 

 

Video-7 .

In this video I like this thoughts the most...

 Existentialism ask question of existence that • Why I am here?

• What is life?

• How should I live my life ? 

All these questions lead to a feeling of absurdity and reject big, all-encompassing systems.

"Nihilism - There is no meaning or purpose to life."

 Divine perspective and human perspective.

 Human were not design by any supernatural power, existentialism see the life from religiously, scientifically and philosophically and raise question about human existence.

Video-8 

I found it impressive how they discussed existentialism with children, starting at a young age, even though we typically discuss it at the Master's level in India. The message they conveyed through these talk sessions was delivered in simple and clear language, making it easy to understand.

Existentialism and Nietzsche:

  Nietzsche's Existentialism talked about that human being is everything, there is no need any supernatural power to govern life.

 Like God is dead so human being can make their own rules and be like superman or ubermensch.

Video-9:

Existentialism is a way of life and understand life deeply. Existentialism says about what I am. Eric Dodson said that it is honest and shows reality of life and accept your fault and your abilities.

I'm amazed by Eric Dodson's video on Existentialism, where he connects these philosophical ideas to everyday life. He emphasizes creativity, honesty, and freedom of choice, acknowledging both the bright and dark aspects of existence. Dodson sees Existentialism as a way to be true to oneself and make our own choices for a meaningful life.

Video-10 

While many people view "absurdity" as something silly or comedic, for those who follow absurdism, it carries a different meaning altogether.

  I like the idea in this video is that only we can give reason to our choice or we can say that there is no reason for choice is just a choice. There is no meaning of life but meaning is given by us to our life.

"The search for answer in an answerless world"

Question.2  :

2. Which video do you like the most? Why? (Give at least one reason in your blog post.).

Answer:

The 8th video left a strong impression on me because it showcased conversations about existentialism with children. Typically, existentialism is a topic reserved for advanced academic levels like Master's studies. However, what struck me was the realization that existential concepts aren't confined to certain age groups; they can be understood and discussed by children as well.

This observation underscores the importance of fostering progressive thinking without imposing age restrictions. By engaging children in discussions about complex philosophical ideas like existentialism, we can cultivate critical thinking skills and broaden their perspectives from a young age. This approach highlights the potential for a more inclusive and open-minded society.

Moreover, integrating such discussions into our education systems can play a significant role in shaping a brighter and more skillful future. By encouraging dialogue about existentialism and other thought-provoking topics, we empower young individuals to explore and question the world around them.

Ultimately, the responsibility lies with us to take proactive steps towards promoting this kind of progressiveness. By embracing inclusivity and encouraging open-mindedness across all age groups, we can collectively contribute to a more enlightened and forward-thinking society.

Question.3:

3. How would you describe the 'learning outcome' of this activity? (Do you think that your understanding of Existentialism has increased or is there clarity about this philosophy in your mind or do you feel confident about speaking/writing on extempore on 'Existentialism' after this activity?) (Write your views in your blog- post.)

Answer:

Learning Outcome:

Engaging in learning about Existentialism has really helped me understand it better. I've been watching videos and checking out other resources, and it's made things a lot clearer for me. Visual aids especially have been super helpful in making complex ideas easier to understand. Now, I can picture key figures of Existentialism in my mind, which is cool. Also, learning about related stuff like Nihilism, Essentialism, and Dadaism has given me more insights and helped me see how they connect to Existentialism.

Question 4:

Most Important Task: Ask Questions: Type your questions in the Google Classroom as 'Class Comment'. You are supposed to ask at least 5 questions from all these videos and reading resources. 

Questions :

1.) Existentialism encourages making our own choices and doing what we desire. If we adopt this belief in our lives, can we truly envision or embrace a world where personal choice reigns supreme? To what extent can we integrate this belief into our daily existence and decision-making processes? (1st Video)

2.) When we understand the concept Existentialism, we may come to know certain things about our existence to which we are not aware of and as a result of it the quest for existence many a time leads us towards Nihilism. So, how can we distinguish Existentialism and Nihilism at that moment? 

3.) Can Dadaism be understood through the lens of Essentialism, given its unconventional approach to art? (4th Video)

4.) In what ways does the idea of hope intersect with the themes of absurdity and despair in Existentialist thought? (2nd video/ Time stamp: 2.30 min.)

5.) How does Sartre's idea of being "condemned to be free" challenge traditional notions of freedom and choice? (10th Video/  Time stamp : 06:05)

The Great Gatsby

This blog is in response to thinking task activity assigned by Dilip Barad Sir.

In this Blog I'll deal with Question-Answer given in thinking task activity.

Introduction:

"The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a classic novel that delves into the decadence and excess of the Jazz Age. It's a story of love, wealth, and the American Dream, set against the backdrop of the Roaring Twenties. The novel follows the mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his obsession with the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Fitzgerald's writing style is rich in detail, capturing the glamour and disillusionment of the era. It's a must-read for anyone interested in exploring themes of ambition, love, and the consequences of the pursuit of wealth. 

"Can't repeat the past?...Why of course you can!" ~ F. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Great Gatsby"

About  F. Scott Fitzgerald:

F. Scott Fitzgerald, an iconic American author, is best known for his novel "The Great Gatsby," which explores themes of love, wealth, and the American Dream during the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald's writing style is rich in detail, capturing the glamour and disillusionment of the era. His works often reflect the societal changes and moral decay of the time. Fitzgerald's personal life was also marked by highs and lows, mirroring the themes in his writing. He is considered one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century, with his works continuing to be studied and celebrated today.

His Famous Works:

• "The Great Gatsby,"

• "Tender Is the Night,"

• "This Side of Paradise," and 

• "The Beautiful and Damned."

 

Let's delve into a detailed discussion regarding the questions ....

2) Creative and Analytical Activities:

(i) Modern Reimagining: Rewrite a key scene from the novel in a modern setting, considering how themes and character motivations might change.

Answer:

1. Setting: The opulent mansion of Jay Gatsby is transformed into a luxurious penthouse in a modern skyscraper, symbolizing wealth and excess in contemporary society.

Modern Settings:

In a modern urban setting, Gatsby's mansion could be replaced with a luxurious penthouse apartment, symbolizing wealth and success in contemporary society. The apartment would feature opulent amenities, sleek design, and panoramic views, reflecting the pursuit of material prosperity and social status.

2. Character Adaptation:

 In F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," Jay Gatsby is depicted as a mysterious and wealthy individual who throws lavish parties in his mansion during the 1920s. However, in a modern reimagining of the novel, Gatsby could be portrayed as a successful tech entrepreneur.

   In the modern adaptation, Gatsby's character undergoes a transformation to align with contemporary contexts. Instead of being a wealthy socialite from the 1920s, Gatsby becomes a symbol of the tech-driven elite. As a tech entrepreneur, Gatsby embodies the ambition, innovation, and wealth characteristic of the modern era. He hosts extravagant parties not in a mansion but perhaps in a luxurious penthouse or a high-tech event space, reflecting the evolving symbols of success and status in contemporary society.

This adaptation allows the character of Gatsby to remain relevant and relatable to modern audiences while preserving the essence of his pursuit of the American Dream. By portraying Gatsby as a tech entrepreneur, the narrative can explore themes related to technology, innovation, and the pursuit of success in the digital age, offering new insights into the complexities of modern society.

3. Motivation Shift:

   In the original story, Gatsby wanted wealth and social status to win Daisy's love, but in the modern version, Gatsby is like a big-shot inventor or entrepreneur. He's not just after money; he wants to change the world with his tech ideas. Instead of chasing Daisy, he's chasing success in the tech world. His parties aren't just for fun; they're opportunities to meet influential people who can help his tech projects succeed. This change shows how nowadays, success is often about innovation and making a mark in the tech industry, not just about having lots of money.

4.Daisy's Role:

  In the modern version of "The Great Gatsby," Daisy is like a famous person on Instagram. She's not just pretty; she's also really good at showing off a fancy lifestyle online. People everywhere follow her posts, dreaming of living like her. Daisy makes money by posting sponsored content and teaming up with brands.

Gatsby is crazy about Daisy because of her online presence, but behind the perfect pictures, Daisy feels lonely and struggles to keep up appearances. In this modern story, Daisy's Instagram fame adds complexity to her character, showing how online life can be both glamorous and isolating, and making us wonder about the true meaning of relationships in a world obsessed with social media.

2. Character Motivations: Jay Gatsby, now a tech billionaire, hosts extravagant parties not just to impress Daisy Buchanan but also to showcase his success and influence in the tech industry. His motivation is not only love but also a desire for recognition and power.

3. The Reunion: Gatsby and Daisy meet at a trendy rooftop bar overlooking the city skyline instead of at Gatsby's mansion. The atmosphere is still charged with tension and longing, but their conversation revolves around social media presence, personal branding, and the pressures of modern life.

4. Tom Buchanan's Role: Tom, Daisy's husband, is portrayed as a ruthless corporate executive, adding a layer of competition and power dynamics to the love triangle. His wealth and influence create additional obstacles for Gatsby and Daisy's relationship.

5. Conclusion: The modern reimagining of this key scene in "The Great Gatsby" reflects the contemporary themes of wealth, power, and the pursuit of success in a digital age, while still capturing the essence of love, longing, and the complexities of human relationships.

(ii) Symbolism Analysis: Identify and interpret key symbols in the novel, like the green light, the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, and Gatsby's parties.

Answer:

Green light:

The green light in "The Great Gatsby" symbolizes Gatsby's hopes and dreams, particularly his longing for Daisy and his pursuit of a better future. It represents the unattainable nature of his desires and the elusive nature of the American Dream.

The eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg:

The eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg on the billboard symbolize the moral and social decay of society. They watch over the characters, serving as a constant reminder of the consequences of their actions and the corruption that lurks beneath the surface of the glamorous facade.

The Valley of Ashes :-

The Valley of Ashes shows that the different kind of situations in America. One side it shows the richness, colourfulness world, high buildings, wealthy people and many kind of things. And on the other side it shows the working class people, some kind of darkness. We can clearly identify the two differences in perticular situations. The Valley of Ashes shows that the character's like Daisy, Gatsby, Jordan all situations are equal from inside. They all are broken from inside and sow the greatness to outside.

Parties:

Gatsby's extravagant parties symbolize the excesses and superficiality of the Jazz Age. They reflect the emptiness and shallowness of the wealthy elite, who use wealth and material possessions to mask their inner emptiness and dissatisfaction. The parties also highlight the theme of illusion versus reality, as Gatsby creates a grand facade to hide his true identity and past.

(iii) Historical Context Exploration: Research the historical and cultural context of the 1920s and analyze how it influences the plot, characters, and themes.

Answers :

The 1920s, famously known as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of significant change and transformation in American society. After World War I, the United States experienced a period of economic prosperity, technological advancements, and cultural shifts that deeply influenced the plot, characters, and themes in "The Great Gatsby."

The novel captures the essence of the Jazz Age, characterized by lavish parties, excess, and a pursuit of pleasure and wealth. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses this historical backdrop to shape the lives of his characters. Jay Gatsby, for example, represents the self-made man of the 1920s, embodying the American Dream of success and upward mobility. His extravagant parties and opulent lifestyle reflect the materialism and excessiveness of the era.

Daisy Buchanan, on the other hand, symbolizes the disillusionment and emptiness that can accompany a life of privilege and luxury. Her inability to find true happiness despite her wealth and social status speaks to the shallowness and superficiality prevalent in the society of the time.

Themes of class divisions, the decline of traditional values, and the pursuit of wealth at any cost are woven throughout the novel, mirroring the societal changes taking place in the 1920s. The tension between old money and new money, as seen in the characters of Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, highlights the shifting social landscape and the clash of values between established aristocracy and the newly wealthy.

Overall, the historical and cultural context of the 1920s serves as a rich tapestry against which F. Scott Fitzgerald paints a vivid portrait of a society grappling with the consequences of rapid change, materialism, and the elusive nature of the American Dream.

(iv) Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast "The Great Gatsby" with another novel, film, or piece of art that explores similar themes.

Answer:

When comparing "The Great Gatsby" with another work that explores similar themes, a compelling choice would be the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger. Both works delve into the complexities of the American Dream, disillusionment, and the search for meaning in a changing society.

While "The Great Gatsby" focuses on the excesses and materialism of the 1920s, "The Catcher in the Rye" delves into the post-World War II era and the challenges of adolescence and societal expectations. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of "The Catcher in the Rye," grapples with feelings of alienation, phoniness, and a longing for authenticity, much like Jay Gatsby's yearning for a lost idealized past.

Both novels explore the themes of identity, authenticity, and the struggle to find meaning in a world driven by superficiality and materialism. While Gatsby seeks to recapture the past through Daisy Buchanan, Holden Caulfield rebels against the phoniness he perceives in society, searching for genuine connections and truths.

By comparing and contrasting these two works, we can gain a deeper understanding of the universal themes of disillusionment, longing, and the quest for authenticity that resonate across different time periods and settings.

Vita & Virginia Movie review

Hello Everyone 🤠,

This blog is in response to the thinking task activity assigned by Vaidehi Ma'am.

In this blog I am going to discuss about the movie review of Vita & Virginia.

Introduction:

"Vita & Virginia" is a 2018 biographical romantic drama film directed by Chanya Button, based on the real-life love affair between English writer Virginia Woolf and socialite Vita Sackville-West. The film delves into the passionate relationship between the two women during the early 20th century, exploring themes of love, desire, and creativity against the backdrop of the Bloomsbury Group and the literary scene of the time. Starring Gemma Arterton as Vita Sackville-West and Elizabeth Debicki as Virginia Woolf, "Vita & Virginia" offers a glimpse into the complexities of their unconventional romance and the influence it had on their lives and work.

Q. 1) Who do you think is initiating the relationship, Vita or Virginia? Who do you think is taking advantage of this relationship? 

Answer:

We can find that Vita Sackville is the one who starts things off between her and Virginia. She brings a lot of energy and excitement to their connection. Both Vita and Virginia get something valuable from the relationship. It's like a give-and-take where they both benefit in different ways. 

2). Who do you think is confused about their identity Vita or Virginia? Explain with illustrations.

Answer:

We can not say specific about any one but we can find both Vita and Virginia go through moments of identity confusion, but in different ways. Vita struggles with societal expectations and her own desires, leading to a sense of conflict within herself. On the other hand, Virginia battles with mental health issues and the pressure of being a successful writer, which adds complexity to her sense of self. These struggles are illustrated beautifully in the film through their interactions, emotions, and choices. It's a deep exploration of identity and self-discovery.

3). What is society’s thought about women and identity? Do you agree with them? If Yes then why? If no then why?

Answer:

In the past, society had stricter expectations for women, limiting their freedom and self-expression. However, in today's world, there's a more open and accepting view of women defining their own identities. It's empowering to see women breaking free from traditional stereotypes and embracing their individuality. This shift allows women to pursue their passions and contribute to society in meaningful ways. Embracing diversity and inclusivity in defining women's identities is crucial for progress and empowerment. 

Today, society has become more accepting and supportive of women defining their own identities and breaking free from traditional stereotypes. Women are encouraged to express themselves authentically and pursue their goals without being confined by societal expectations. It's empowering to see women embracing their individuality and making their voices heard in various fields. I believe in this inclusive and diverse approach to women's identity, allowing them to thrive and contribute to society in meaningful ways. 

4). Write a note on your observations of the society during that era.

Answer:

In Virginia's time, society had more rigid expectations and stereotypes about how women should behave and present themselves. There were societal norms that limited women's individuality and self-expression. However, Virginia Woolf challenged these norms through her writing and feminist beliefs, advocating for women's freedom to define their own identities. I agree with Virginia's stance as it's crucial for women to have the autonomy to express themselves authentically and break free from societal constraints. 

During that era, societal norms placed significant constraints on women's roles and behaviors. There were strict expectations and limitations that women had to navigate, which often hindered their freedom and self-expression. However, there were also trailblazing women like Virginia Woolf who challenged these norms and advocated for greater autonomy and equality for women. It was a time of transition and resistance against traditional gender roles, paving the way for progress and change in society's views on women's identity and empowerment.

5). Write a note on the direction of the movie. Which symbols and space caught your attention while watching the movie?

Answer:

In "Vita & Virginia," the direction by Chanya Button skillfully captures the intimate complexities of Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf's relationship. Chanya Button was captured the symbolic elements like the freezing the Thames River, symbol of careness, symbol of letters. In this movie we can see that the very interesting directions through the letter writing part. When Virginia write a letter to Vita at that time's her feelings, emotions love and connection we can elaborate clearly. Other many more elements we can see like garden, home interiors, Virginia's badroom setting and many more things.

6). "Vita and Virginia" had to be made into a Bollywood Adaptation, who do you think would be fit for the role of Vita and Virginia?

Answer:

If "Vita and Virginia" were to be adapted into a Bollywood film, I think actresses like Deepika Padukone could be a great fit for the role of Vita, bringing depth and charisma to the character. For the role of Virginia, someone like Kangana Ranaut might portray the complexity and emotional depth required for the character. Their acting skills and screen presence could bring a unique Bollywood twist to the story of Vita and Virginia. 

Thinking Activity- The Waste Land

Hello Everyone 🤠

This blog is in response to the thinking task activity assigned by Dr. Dilip Barad Sir.

For more details Click here

  In this blog I'm going to discuss about the questions which is asked by Dr. Dilip Barad Sir as task of thinking task activity.

So let's dive into the "The Waste Land by T.S.Eliot".

"The Waste Land" is a landmark poem by T.S. Eliot, published in 1922. It's considered one of the most important works of modernist literature. The poem reflects the disillusionment and despair following World War I, capturing the fragmented and disordered nature of post-war society.

It's a highly allusive and complex work, drawing from a wide range of literary and mythological sources, including The Bible, Dante's "Inferno," and various works of literature.

Eliot weaves various cultural references, mythologies, and languages into the poem, creating a challenging and layered narrative. Themes include spiritual desolation, societal decay, and the search for meaning in a seemingly chaotic world. The poem reflects the uncertainty and loss of direction prevalent in the aftermath of the war.

The poem is divided into five sections: 

1. "The Burial of the Dead," 

2. "A Game of Chess," 

3. "The Fire Sermon," 

4. "Death by Water," and 

5. "What the Thunder Said."

Sure! "The Waste Land" by T.S. Eliot is a highly complex and multi-layered poem that explores various themes and ideas. It's divided into five sections, each with its own unique focus. Here's a brief overview of each part:

1. "The Burial of the Dead": This section sets the tone for the poem and introduces the theme of spiritual and emotional barrenness. It reflects the aftermath of World War I and the disillusionment of the post-war generation.

2. "A Game of Chess": This section presents a fragmented and disjointed narrative, drawing on the myth of the Fisher King and exploring themes of desire, sexuality, and failed communication within relationships.

3. "The Fire Sermon": This section is heavily influenced by the Buddha's Fire Sermon and depicts a modern, urban landscape filled with decay, lust, and moral corruption. It explores the destructive nature of desire and the loss of spiritual values.

4. "Death by Water": This section is relatively short and focuses on the theme of drowning and the cyclical nature of life and death. It alludes to the myth of the drowned Phoenician sailor and highlights the idea of inevitable decay and destruction.

5. "What the Thunder Said": The final section brings together various mythological and religious references, presenting a vision of hope and redemption. It suggests the possibility of spiritual renewal and the potential for transformation amidst the chaos and despair.

So we can say that "The Waste Land" is a fragmented and densely symbolic poem that reflects the disillusionment and spiritual crisis of the modern world. It incorporates a wide range of literary and cultural references to explore themes of decay, fragmentation, and the search for meaning in a seemingly barren landscape.

Each section artfully juxtaposes fragments from various facets, creating a narrative that resembles episodic events—a layered "Story within Story."

Question- Answers:

As per my understanding, I try to give answers of questions which is mentioned here.

1) What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzsche’s views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

Answer:

Understanding the relationship between T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" and Nietzsche's concept of the Übermensch demands a nuanced analysis, as they represent distinct philosophical perspectives that necessitate careful consideration to discern their connections.

Regarding Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the Übermensch, it can indeed be seen as a progressive and forward-looking idea, as it challenges traditional values and encourages individuals to create their own meaning in a world without fixed moral foundations.

On the other hand, T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" does draw upon various mythologies, religious texts, and philosophical ideas from the past. Some may argue that this reflects a regressive approach, as Eliot seeks answers in ancient traditions instead of embracing modernity.

However, it's also worth considering that Eliot's intention might have been to explore the universality of human experiences and emotions by drawing upon a wide range of cultural references. By referencing mytho-historical sources, Eliot may be suggesting that the contemporary malaise is not a new phenomenon, but rather a recurring aspect of the human condition.

All the themes of the poem can be seen as a response to the "Death of God" concept, which was popularized by Friedrich Nietzsche.

God is dead: 

“God is dead! God remains dead! 

When Nietzsche says "God is dead," we can say that he's not making a literal statement about the existence of a deity. Instead, he's suggesting that the traditional belief in God and the values associated with it have lost their influence and significance in modern society.

Nietzsche believed that the decline of religious beliefs and the rise of scientific and rational thinking had led to a cultural shift. He saw that traditional moral and religious frameworks were no longer able to provide a sense of meaning and purpose for many individuals.

By proclaiming "God is dead," Nietzsche was calling attention to the loss of traditional values and the need for humanity to find new sources of meaning and morality. He believed that this absence of God could lead to a crisis but also presented an opportunity for individuals to create their own values and embrace a more authentic way of living.

For more clear understanding check out this video:

Let's see  few arguments which we can consider when discussing whether T.S. Eliot is regressive compared to Nietzsche's views or if Eliot has achieved universality of thought through recalling mytho-historical answers to contemporary malaise.

1. Eliot's Exploration of Tradition: 

 One argument could be that Eliot's use of mytho-historical references in "The Waste Land" is not regressive but rather a way to engage with and reevaluate the traditions of the past. By drawing upon various cultural and religious texts, Eliot may be attempting to find timeless wisdom and universal truths that can help address the contemporary crisis.

2. Nietzsche's Focus on Individualism:

 Another argument could be that Nietzsche's concept of the Übermensch, while progressive in its emphasis on individualism and self-creation, may not provide a comprehensive solution to the crisis of faith and self that Eliot explores in "The Waste Land." Eliot's incorporation of Upanishad, Buddhism, and Christianity could be seen as a broader attempt to encompass different perspectives and tap into the collective wisdom of humanity.

3. The Role of Historical Context: 

It's also important to consider the historical context in which Nietzsche and Eliot wrote. Nietzsche's ideas were developed in the late 19th century, while Eliot's poem was published in 1922, after the devastation of World War I. Eliot's references to the past may be a response to the disillusionment and loss of faith that characterized the post-war era, suggesting that the contemporary malaise required a different approach.

So we can say that , whether one views Eliot as regressive or as achieving universality of thought depends on individual perspectives and interpretations. It's fascinating how literature can spark such diverse discussions and interpretations.

Question.2:

2) Prior to the speech, Gustaf Hellström of the Swedish Academy made these remarks:

What are your views regarding these comments? Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?

Answer:

In his essay "For Lancelot Andrews," T.S. Eliot described Andrews as a classicist in literature, a royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion. Eliot, being a classicist and Catholic, holds traditional beliefs about salvation. However, understanding salvation can be confusing. Freud argued that freeing repressed 'primitive instincts' leads to a satisfying life, making salvation seem unnecessary.

Salvation, often linked to religion, suggests living without desires. Some religions emphasize strict rules and rituals for salvation, creating leaders with their own rules. This can limit people and create narrow boundaries.

Salvation acts like a voice telling people how to behave. Freud, in 'The Uneasiness in Civilization,' talks about balancing primitive desires with societal rules. Freud's ideas were significant at the time, exploring the deeper aspects of the human mind. Without restrictions on pleasure, there could be disastrous consequences.

Eliot disagrees, believing salvation lies in preserving cultural traditions. He thinks tradition keeps chaos away and connects people to their cultural heritage, which is valuable in modern times. Eliot's idea of salvation focuses on culture, which evolves over time and shapes human behavior, offering a path to happiness.

Let's see it point wise:

1. Balance and Moderation: While giving free vent to repressed primitive instincts may provide temporary gratification, it's important to find a balance between our primal nature and cultural traditions. Embracing our instincts without any restraint can lead to chaos and destructive behavior. Preserving cultural traditions helps maintain order and provides a framework for navigating society.

2. Wisdom of the Past: Cultural traditions are often rooted in centuries of accumulated wisdom and experiences. By preserving these traditions, we can tap into the knowledge of our ancestors and learn from their successes and failures. This can help us make informed decisions and avoid repeating past mistakes.

3. Sense of Identity and Belonging: Cultural traditions provide a sense of identity and belonging. They connect us to our roots, heritage, and community. This connection can bring a sense of stability, purpose, and continuity in our lives, contributing to overall well-being and satisfaction.

4. Evolving Traditions: It's important to note that cultural traditions are not static. They evolve over time to adapt to changing circumstances and new perspectives. Preserving cultural traditions doesn't mean resisting all change but rather recognizing the value in the collective wisdom they offer while incorporating new ideas and progress.

Question. 3 :

3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts referred?

Answer:

In "The Waste Land," T.S. Eliot incorporates allusions to Indian thoughts, particularly in the section titled "The Fire Sermon." This section draws inspiration from the teachings of Buddha and Hindu philosophy. The references to Indian thoughts can be found in the imagery, symbolism, and themes explored in the poem.

Indian philosophy is very diverse and has many deep meanings and interpretations that help people live better lives. One of its texts, called the 'Aranyaka,' has six chapters and got its name because it was taught in the forest ('Aranya'). Because it's quite big, it's called the Brihadaranyaka.

In a poem, there's a line that asks about a third person always walking beside you, even though you only see two. This idea connects to Indian philosophy, which believes in the soul, except for Buddhism and Charvak Darshan. Most other branches of Indian philosophy believe in the existence of the soul and the idea of having god within oneself. So, this third person mentioned in the poem could represent God or the soul according to Indian philosophy. 

The poem also mentions 'Ganga' and 'Himavat,' which are references to Indian wisdom for spiritual salvation in the modern world.

Buddhism:

In the third section of the poem titled "The Fire Sermon," Eliot draws upon the teachings of Buddha. He references the Fire Sermon, an important discourse in Buddhism where Buddha emphasizes the impermanence and suffering of worldly desires.

Eliot incorporates this Buddhist concept to highlight the theme of desire and its destructive nature in modern society. He suggests that the pursuit of materialistic and sensual pleasures leads to a spiritual emptiness, mirroring the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.

Charvak Darshan:

In the fifth section of the poem, titled "What the Thunder Said," T.S. Eliot references Charvaka Darshan, an ancient Indian materialistic philosophy. Charvaka Darshan is known for its emphasis on sensual pleasure, denial of an afterlife, and rejection of spiritual beliefs.

Eliot's inclusion of Charvaka Darshan in "The Waste Land" serves to highlight the theme of materialism and the absence of spiritual values in modern society. By referencing this philosophy, Eliot critiques the pursuit of materialistic pleasures and suggests that it leads to a spiritual emptiness.

Through the allusions to Indian thoughts like Charvaka Darshan, Eliot adds a global perspective to the poem and invites readers to reflect on the universal themes of desire, disillusionment, and the search for meaning in a fragmented world.

River Ganga & Himvant:

 In the poem T.S. Eliot refers to Indian thoughts through allusions to the Ganga (Ganges) and the Himvant (Himalayas). These references can be found in the section titled "The Fire Sermon."

The Ganga is a sacred river in Hinduism, symbolizing purity and spiritual cleansing. Its mention in the poem represents the possibility of renewal and redemption in the midst of the wasteland.

Eliot references the river Ganges, one of the holiest rivers in Hinduism, which represents both purification and spiritual renewal. The river symbolizes the possibility of cleansing and redemption amidst the wasteland of modern society.

The Himvant, or Himalayas, is a majestic mountain range associated with spirituality and transcendence. It represents a higher realm of consciousness and serves as a contrast to the desolation and decay depicted in the poem.

Eliot includes these allusions to Indian thoughts to add depth and universality to his exploration of spiritual emptiness and the search for meaning. By incorporating Indian imagery and symbolism, he invites readers to reflect on the interconnectedness of cultures and the timeless quest for spiritual fulfillment.

Shantih:

The concept of "Shantih," meaning peace or tranquility, is repeated at the end of the poem. This word is derived from Sanskrit and signifies the ultimate goal of spiritual enlightenment and the resolution of suffering.

Karma:

The poem also touches upon the idea of karma and the cycle of life and death, reflecting the cyclical nature of existence found in Indian philosophy.

Panchmahabhut:

In "The Waste Land," T.S. Eliot incorporates allusions to Indian thoughts, including the concept of Panchmahabhut, which refers to the five elements of nature: earth, water, fire, air, and ether. These elements are mentioned in the section titled "What the Thunder Said."

Eliot draws upon Indian philosophy and spirituality to explore the themes of destruction, rebirth, and the cyclical nature of life. By referencing the Panchmahabhut, he highlights the interconnectedness of all things and the transient nature of existence.

The allusions to Indian thoughts in "The Waste Land" serve to deepen the poem's exploration of universal human experiences and the search for meaning in a fragmented world. They provide a broader cultural context and invite readers to consider the timeless wisdom found in Indian philosophies.

So we can say that , these allusions contribute to the richness and complexity of the poem, offering a diverse range of perspectives and insights into the human condition.

These allusions to Indian thoughts serve to enrich the poem's exploration of spiritual emptiness, disillusionment, and the search for meaning in a fragmented world. They offer a broader perspective on the human condition and invite readers to reflect on the interconnectedness of cultures and the universal quest for spiritual fulfillment.

Question. 4:

Is it possible to read 'The Waste Land' as a Pandemic Poem?

Answer:

Yes, It is possible to interpret "The Waste Land" as a pandemic poem, although it was written before the COVID-19 pandemic. The poem explores themes of isolation, despair, and the breakdown of societal structures, which can resonate with the experiences of living through a pandemic.

"The Waste Land" captures a sense of collective disillusionment and the feeling of being trapped in a desolate and fragmented world. These feelings parallel the emotions many people have experienced during the pandemic, with the loss of normalcy, isolation, and the struggle to find meaning in a chaotic and uncertain time.

Let's see few examples from the poem that could be interpreted through a pandemic lens:

1. "April is the cruellest month" - This line could be interpreted as a reference to the irony of the springtime renewal juxtaposed with the cruelty of a pandemic, which often peaks in the spring months.

2. "Unreal City" - This phrase captures the sense of surrealism and disorientation often experienced during a pandemic when cities are emptied and life feels disconnected from reality.

3. "I will show you fear in a handful of dust" - This line can evoke the fear and uncertainty associated with illness and mortality during a pandemic, where the threat of death looms large.

4. "Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante, / Had a bad cold" - Even the clairvoyant in the poem is affected by illness, which could symbolize the pervasive impact of disease on all aspects of life.

While T.S. Eliot's poem may not directly address a specific pandemic, its themes of societal collapse and the search for renewal can be interpreted through the lens of our current global crisis. It reminds us of the importance of finding hope, connection, and renewal even amidst the darkest of times.

So yes, we can definitely read "The Waste Land" as a pandemic poem, drawing parallels between its themes and the experiences we've had during these challenging times.

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